91爆料

ESS 100 Dinosaurs (2) NSc
Biology, behavior, ecology, evolution, and extinction of dinosaurs, and a history of their exploration. With dinosaurs as focal point, course also introduces the student to how hypotheses in geological and paleobiological science are formulated and tested.

ESS 101 Introduction to Geology and Societal Impacts (5) SSc/NSc
Introduction to the processes, materials and structures that shape Earth. Emphasizes the dynamic nature of the earth's tectonic system and its relationship to physical features, volcanism, earthquakes, minerals and rocks and geologic structures. The course emphasizes the intrinsic relationship between human societies and geologic processes, hazards and resources. Optional field trips. Course overlaps with: ESS 210; BEARTH 153; and T GEOS 117. Offered: AWSpS.

ESS 102 Space and Space Travel (5) SSc/NSc
Explores the sun, solar storms, observations from space and from Earth; Earth's space environment, radiation belts and hazards, plasma storms and auroras, rockets and propulsion, human exploration efforts, societal impact, planetary systems and resources, and project highlighting space and its exploration. Open to non-majors. Offered: AWSp.

ESS 103 Earth's Origin and Transformations Over 4.6 Billion Years (1) NSc
Explores history and evolution of Earth, from the Big Bang to present day. Emphasizes disparate timescales over which Earth processes operate - planetary formation, plate tectonics, evolution of life, geologic climate change, and catastrophes such as earthquakes, volcanoes, meteor impacts, and mass extinctions. Sets stage for understanding the origins of extraordinary geologic features in the Pacific Northwest. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 104 Prehistoric Life (3) NSc
Fossils and how they are preserved. What fossils tell us about past life and environments. How the history of life unfolded and what caused the great events in biological evolution. Open to non-science majors, but also lays a foundation for higher-level geobiology courses.

ESS 105 Natural Hazards and Disasters (3) NSc
Examines a range of natural hazards and their impact on society, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfire, and landslides. Focuses on the causes of these extreme events, how they unfold, their differential effects on communities, and how to make society more resilient to natural hazards.

ESS 106 Living with Volcanoes (3) SSc/NSc
Explores volcanoes and volcanic eruptions on Earth and in the solar system. Examines how volcanoes work and how they affect the environment, life, and human societies. Illustrates principles using local examples of recent volcanism and ancient examples of mega-eruptions. Evaluates the possibility of predicting future eruptions.

ESS 107 Introduction to Ice in the Earth and Space Sciences (5) NSc, RSN
Covers glaciers, ice sheets, sea ice, icebergs, permafrost, lake ice, and snow on Earth and other planets. Emphasis is placed on human impacts. Course evaluation is based on quantitative assignments with significant coding and quantitative writing components. Support available for students without a STEM or coding background. Offered: Sp.

ESS 119 Introduction to Laboratories (1, max. 3)
Reviews research being performed in visited and independent research opportunities and possibilities. Includes weekly visits to labs in ESS and related fields. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 201 Earth's Climate System (3) NSc
Earth's dynamic environment, global energy balance, interplay of chemical, physical, and biological processes shaping the Earth's surface and climate. Emphasis on quantitative methods for measuring, evaluating, and understanding contemporary changes relative to the last several thousand years. Course overlaps with: ATM S 211 and BEARTH 201. Prerequisite: either MATH 124, MATH 134, or Q SCI 291; recommended: An introductory background in earth sciences, chemistry or physics is helpful, but not required. Offered: Sp.

ESS 203 Glaciers and Global Change (5) SSc/NSc
Explores how glaciers record climate change and human activities through bubbles of ancient air and trace impurities in the ice. Also reviews glaciers impact on societies through sea-level, coastlines, water supplies, and transportation routes. Open to non-science majors.

ESS 204 The Paleobiology and Geobiology of Mass Extinctions (3-4) NSc
Covers the origin and diversification of life on Planet Earth, and abrupt die-offs in mass extinctions. Explores how new instrumentation and experimentation in biology and chemistry, and improved sampling of the fossil record in geology, combine with astrobiology and geobiology to revise out history of Earth and its life. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 1.7 in ESS 100.

ESS 205 Access to Space (5) NSc
Group development of student experiments to the outer rim of our atmosphere and the beginning of space; investigation of stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, magnetosphere, development of exploration packages; basic electronic fabrication, global positioning, radio tracking, expectations at high altitudes. Open to all disciplines. No previous experience of electronics required.

ESS 209 Interdisciplinary Earth Sciences Field Seminar (3-12, max. 12) NSc
Miscellaneous field-based and experiential learning activities in earth and space sciences.

ESS 211 Physical Processes of the Earth (5) NSc
Introductory structural geology and geomorphology. Deformation of soil, sediment, and rock. Erosional and depositional processes and landforms. Structural, geomorphic, and climatic interactions in major tectonic regimes. Use of geologic maps and cross sections. One optional overnight field excursion. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either MATH 124, MATH 134, or Q SCI 291, either of which may be taken concurrently; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in either both PHYS 114 and PHYS 117, or PHYS 121. Offered: A.

ESS 212 Plate Tectonics and Materials of the Earth (5) NSc
Origin, composition and structure of the Earth; identification of important rock-forming minerals; identification and description of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks; magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes; formation of continental and oceanic crust; driving mechanisms for plate tectonics; comparison of Earth to other planets. Recommended: high school or college chemistry (e.g., CHEM 110); and high school or college pre-calculus (e.g., MATH 120). Offered: W.

ESS 213 Evolution of the Earth (5) NSc
Introduction to paleontology, types of stratigraphy, and radiometric dating. The physical, chemical, biological, and plate tectonic evolution of the earth's crust, seawater, and atmosphere. Comparison with other planets. Climate changes and man as a geologic agent. Two one-day field excursions. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212. Offered: Sp.

ESS 230 Rivers and Beaches (3/5) NSc
Introduction to Earth surface environments, the processes that shape them, how humans affect them and are affected by them. Field trips examine mountains, rivers, deltas/estuaries, beaches, and environments beyond. Focuses on linkages between these environments to illustrate coupling between landscapes and seascapes. Offered: jointly with OCEAN 230.

ESS 290 Special Topics (1-10, max. 20) NSc
Selected topics in earth and space sciences.

ESS 298 Exploring Opportunities in Earth and Space Sciences (2)
Explores topics related to majoring in and pursuing a career in STEM broadly and ESS specifically. Topics include networking, finding community in college, societal attitudes toward and pressures around STEM majors, diversity and equity issues in STEM and ESS, mental health, and undergraduate research, graduate school, and careers in the geosciences and related fields. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 301 Geology of the Northwest (5) NSc
Geologic history of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Emphasis on use of geologic principles in interpreting evidence found in landscapes and rocks. Weekend field trips optional. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212.

ESS 305 Geology of the National Parks (5) NSc
Reviews a wide range of fundamental geological processes, using North American parks and monuments as examples of natural laboratories. Includes plate-tectonic history, volcanism, mountain-building, and glacial, fluvial, and a host of other geomorphic forces as preserved in geologic exposures of National Parks. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212.

ESS 306 Planetary Geology (5) NSc
Up-to-date survey of geological features and processes on and within planets and their moons deduced from sampling, remote sensing, spacecraft imagery, and theory. Comparative discussion of volcanism, tectonics, surface processes, and thermal evolution. Examination of moon rocks and meteorites. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212.

ESS 307 Diversity Outreach Program in Earth and Space Sciences (3-5) SSc/NSc, DIV
Students will lead Earth and Space Sciences outreach events to underserved and underrepresented populations in the Northwest. Gain an understanding to the barriers to education and participate in events to remove some of these barriers . Prerequisite: either ASTR 101, ASTR 102, ASTR 150, BIOL 180, BIOL 240, CHEM 120, CHEM 142, CHEM 143, CHEM 145, ESS 101, ESS 102, ESS 211, ESS 212, ESS 213, ESS 472, PHYS 114, or PHYS 121.

ESS 310 Mathematical Methods in the Earth Sciences (5) NSc
Presents mathematical methods for Earth Sciences applications. Focuses on setting up equations and on the quality of written solutions. Prerequisite: either Q SCI 292, MATH 125 or MATH 135; either PHYS 114/PHYS 117 or PHYS 121.

ESS 311 Geomechanics (5) NSc
Introduction to continuum mechanics: elasticity, fluid dynamics, diffusion, porous flow, multiphase flow, dimensional analysis, and natural convection. Example applications: earthquakes and rock mechanics, flow of glaciers, slope stability, debris flows, groundwater flow, contaminant transport, flow in rivers and channels, mantle and magma convection. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either MATH 125, MATH 135, or Q SCI 292; a minimum grade of 2.0 in either both PHYS 114 and 117, or PHYS 121; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in ESS 211; recommended: Previous experience with MATLAB. Offered: W.

ESS 312 Earth Materials (5) NSc
Crystallography, crystal chemistry, and characteristics of rock-forming and ore minerals. Description, phase equilibria, origin, and associations of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Laboratory study of hand specimens. One one-day field excursion. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either CHEM 142 or CHEM 145; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in ESS 212; recommended: ESS 211 and ESS 213. Offered: Sp.

ESS 313 Geobiology (4) NSc
Introduction to the early record of life on earth. Environmental factors leading to life's diversification. The role of life in biomineralization and biogeochemical cycles. The influence of life on modern environments. Laboratory exercises demonstrate specimens and techniques. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either CHEM 142 or CHEM 145; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in ESS 213. Offered: A.

ESS 314 Geophysics (5) NSc
Introduction to geophysical methods including refraction and reflection seismology, gravity, magnetics, electrical resistivity, heat flow, and geodesy. Laboratory exercises explore interpretation of geophysical data to determine elastic wave speed, density, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity at depth. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either MATH 126, MATH 136, or ESS 310; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in either both PHYS 115 and PHYS 118, or PHYS 122. Offered: A.

ESS 315 Environmental Earth Science (5) NSc
Analysis of geologic constraints upon human activity and the environmental consequences of such activity. Topics include hillslope processes, fluvial and groundwater processes, earthquake and volcanic hazards, and environmental aspects of deforestation and atmospheric pollution. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212. Offered: jointly with ENVIR 313.

ESS 316 Geochemistry (5) NSc
Geochemical processes and differentiation of the Earth. Crystal chemistry and elemental affinities, thermodynamics of geologic processes, trace element and isotopic fractionation, radioisotopes, geochronology, cosmochemistry, weathering, introductory aqueous geochemistry and exploration of global geochemical cycles. Laboratory exercises explore and model geochemical processes. Prerequisite: a minimum grade of 2.0 in either CHEM 142 or CHEM 145; a minimum grade of 2.0 in either MATH 125, MATH 135, or Q SCI 292; and a minimum grade of 2.0 in ESS 212. Offered: Sp.

ESS 326 Geomorphology (5) NSc
Introduction to landforms and surficial deposits. Emphasis on landscape-forming processes. Intended for students who wish to take additional courses in geomorphology. Course overlaps with: BEARTH 321 and T GEOS 335. Prerequisite: either PHYS 114 or PHYS 121.

ESS 331 Geology of the Northwest (5) NSc
Geologic history of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Emphasis on use of geologic principles in interpreting evidence found in landscapes and rocks. Weekend field trips optional. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 211, or ESS 212.

ESS 332 Geology of the National Parks (5) NSc
Reviews a wide range of fundamental geological processes, using North American parks and monuments as examples of natural laboratories. Includes plate-tectonic history, volcanism, mountain-building, and glacial, fluvial, and a host of other geomorphic forces as preserved in geologic exposures of National Parks. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 105, ESS 211, or ESS 212.

ESS 400 Field Geology (12) NSc
Six weeks of geologic mapping in a variety of rock types in the Western United States. Enhances students' knowledge of geologic phenomena and processes. Development of skills in mapping, field interpretation, and report writing. Students responsible for own living expenses while in the field. Prerequisite: ESS 211; ESS 212 ; ESS 213; one course selected from ESS 311, ESS 312, ESS 313, ESS 314, or ESS 316. Offered: S.

ESS 401 Field Geology with GIS (12) NSc
Geologic mapping in a variety of rock types in the Western United States coupled with and augmented through geospatial analyses. Enhances students' knowledge of geologic phenomena and processes. Development of skills in mapping, field interpretation, GIS/remote sensing analysis, and report writing. Students responsible for own living expenses while in the field. Prerequisite: ESS 211; ESS 212; ESS 213; ESS 420; and either ESS 311, ESS 312, ESS 313, ESS 314, or ESS 316. Offered: S.

ESS 402 International Field Geology (3-12, max. 12) NSc
Supervised field study, international travel, and exploration. Work may include independent research projects and experiential learning in outdoor environments. Prerequisite: No prerequisites required but related experience is encouraged.

ESS 403 Global Tectonics (5) NSc
Introduction to large-scale plate tectonics processes and observations including motions on a sphere, polar-wander paths, plate-boundary seismicity, focal mechanisms, gravity, magnetics, and heat flow. Also includes observations and theories of plate deformation and continental dynamics with emphasis on Western North America. Prerequisite: PHYS 121; recommended: either MATH 126, MATH 136, or ESS 310; PHYS 123; either ESS 311 or 314; a background in quantitative analysis using a computer based environment like MATLAB.

ESS 408 Great Geological Issues (3) NSc
History and development of geological and paleontological theories and controversies; philosophy and methodology that have driven scientific inquiry in the earth sciences.

ESS 410 Marine Geology and Geophysics (4) NSc
Explores the geological and geophysical processes that form and shape the ocean basins and continental margins. Prerequisite: either OCEAN 310 or ESS 211 Offered: jointly with OCEAN 410; A.

ESS 411 Geophysical Continuum Mechanics (5) NSc
Analysis of stress and strain. Measurement and interpretation of strain in geological materials. Elasticity applied to determine stress in the Earth's lithosphere. Creep of solids and flow of geological materials. Prerequisite: either MATH 136, both MATH 207 and MATH 208, or both AMATH 351 and AMATH 352.

ESS 412 Introduction to Seismology (3) NSc
Examines stress and strain, the wave equation, travel times, amplitude and phase, reflection seismology, surface waves, and source theory, including moment tensors, radiation patterns, far-field wave shapes, source spectra, stress drop, and magnitude. Prerequisite: either MATH 136, both MATH 207 and MATH 208, or both AMATH 351 and AMATH 352; recommended: ESS 411 and PHYS 123.

ESS 414 Geophysics: Fluids (3) NSc
Introduction to geophysical fluid dynamics. An overview of fluids in geophysics with emphasis on the oceans. A nonrigorous development of the equations of motion with examples drawn from oceanography and solid earth geophysics. Prerequisite: either MATH 136, both MATH 207 and MATH 208, or both AMATH 351 and AMATH 352; and PHYS 322.

ESS 418 Geoscience Communication (4)
Covers principles of organizing, developing, and writing geoscience information including abstracts, presentations, scientific articles, correspondences, and proposals. Reviews writing conventions, use of illustrations, style, and tone. Prerequisite: Two of ESS 201, ESS 205, ESS 211, ESS 212, ESS 213, any of which may be taken concurrently.

ESS 420 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems for the Earth Sciences (5)
Examines principles of GISA applied to the geological sciences. Covers basics of GIScience, data types, and GIS analyses. Includes hands-on analysis applied to geologic patterns and phenomena: sources geological data; geological mapping; measures of topography; hydrologic flow patterns; and topics of the students' own interests. Course overlaps with: BIS 344. Offered: ASp.

ESS 421 Introduction to Geological Remote Sensing (4) NSc
Principles of image interpretation for geologists. Study of land forms, structure, lithology, surface processes using aircraft and satellite data. Use of digital multispectral images and radar images for geological mapping.

ESS 422 Field Methods in Remote Sensing (4) NSc
Explores the use of field instrumentation to remotely sense the environment with applications to landslides, glaciers, surface topography, and change detection. Also covers wave propagation, surface scattering, absorption and reflectance; data processing, analysis, and interpretation; field data collection strategies. Prerequisite: ESS 211; recommended: PHYS 116 or PHYS 123; ESS 421.

ESS 425 Tectonic Geomorphology (3)
Advanced-level survey of tectonic geomorphology topics, focusing on the interplay between tectonic and surface processes that shape the landscape in regions of active deformation and at time scales ranging from days to millions of years. Prerequisite: either ESS 311, ESS 326, ESS 426, or ESS 427.

ESS 426 Fluvial Geomorphology (5)
Hydraulic and morphological characteristics of streams and valley floors. Landscape evolution by stream erosion and deposition. Field exercises emphasize quantitative analysis of fluvial processes, channel forms, acquisition of various skills, such as mapping, topographic surveying, report writing. Prerequisite: either ESS 311 or ESS 326.

ESS 427 Hillslope Geomorphology (5) NSc
Theoretical, laboratory, and field study of hillslope evolution by mass wasting and water erosion. Prerequisite: either ESS 311 or ESS 326.

ESS 428 LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION (5) NSc

ESS 431 Principles of Glaciology (4) NSc
Covers snow deposition and metamorphism, avalanches, heat and mass balance at snow and ice surfaces, glacier flow, ice sheets, sea ice, permafrost, methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, Ice Age theories. Prerequisite: PHYS 121.

ESS 433 Environmental Change in the Glacial Ages (5) NSc
Physical, biological evidence of climatic change during Quaternary Period; emphasizing stratigraphy, chronology. Impact of alternating glacial/interglacial cycles on earth's terrestrial, marine environments. Theories on causes of climatic variation.

ESS 435 Glacial-Periglacial Geomorphology NW (3) NSc
Introduces glacial processes that shape mountainous and polar regions, creating a wealth of characteristic landforms; and periglacial processes that profoundly impact nearly twenty percent of the land surface of the plant and Mars through frost action and thermal fluctuations. Prerequisite: either Q SCI 292, MATH 125, or MATH 135; either PHYS 114 and PHYS 117 or PHYS 121; ESS 211; ESS 326.

ESS 437 Mineralogy (5) NSc
Symmetry of crystals and crystal structures. Rules of crystal chemistry. Microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques of mineral characterization. Transformation processes in minerals: order-disorder, phase transition, and exsolution. Crystal chemistry and phase relations. Reactions on mineral surfaces. Physical properties, deformation, and creep. Prerequisite: CHEM 142 or CHEM 145; ESS 212; ESS 312.

ESS 439 Petrology of Igneous Rocks (5) NSc
Systematic study of the major families of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks with emphasis on tectonic setting, phase relations, geochemistry, and models of their origin and evolution throughout geologic time. Laboratory emphasizes thin-section study of rocks using transmitted and reflected light. Prerequisite: ESS 316.

ESS 441 Petrology and Petrography of Sedimentary Rocks (5) NSc
Mineralogy, textures, and origin of sedimentary rocks, using petrographic microscope. Prerequisite: ESS 316.

ESS 445 Economic Geology (4) NSc
Formation and geologic context of metallic and non-metallic ore deposits and energy resources. Covers chemical and physical concentration processes, deposit types, and geology of key mineral commodities. Includes an overview of mineral and energy economics, mineral exploration and Washington state mineral resources. Prerequisite: ESS 211; ESS 212; ESS 213; and ESS 316, which may be taken concurrently.

ESS 447 Engineering Geology: Methods and Application (4)
Applies the application of geologic principles to geotechnical and environmental problems; includes investigation and characterization of soil and rock properties. Includes two weekend field trips. Prerequisite: either ESS 210, ESS 211, or ESS 212; and either ESS 311, ESS 411, ESS 463, or CEE 220.

ESS 448 Analytical Paleobiology (5) NSc
Introduction to the principles and analytical methods in the study of paleobiology, morphology, and systematics. Topics include paleobiogeography, morphology-based phylogenetics, evolutionary rates, biodiversity curves, functional morphology, morphometrics, and paleoecology. Emphasis on application of methods using fossil and modern specimens. Prerequisite: either BIOL 280, BIOL 354, or ESS 213. Offered: jointly with BIOL 438; A.

ESS 449 Paleobiology Field Methods and Research (3-5) NSc
Introduces field methods and research in various areas of biology, e.g., paleontology, ecology, climate change, and mycology. Includes two or more weeks away from campus at field site. Offered: jointly with BIOL 475; S.

ESS 450 Paleobiology (3) NSc
Biological evolution over the past 500 million years, considering how the reciprocal interactions between environment and evolution have influenced the major episodes in life's history and providing a background for assessing the evolutionary impact of modern environmental change.

ESS 451 Invertebrate Paleontology (5) NSc
Important larger invertebrate groups; morphology, classification, stratigraphic distribution, evolution, paleoecology. Offered: jointly with BIOL 451.

ESS 452 Vertebrate Paleontology (5) NSc
Examines fossil vertebrate life, focusing on systematics and morphology of major lineages (fish, reptiles, bird, and early mammal relatives). Examines fossil and modern vertebrates from the Burke Museum collection in the lab. Weekend field trip. Prerequisite: either BIOL 354, BIOL 452, BIOL 453 or ESS 100. Offered: jointly with BIOL 450.

ESS 453 Fossil Mammals (5) NSc
Evolutionary relationships of fossil mammals, from mammal-like reptiles of late Paleozoic to diverse Cenozoic groups. Morphology, adaptations, extinctions, evolutionary patterns. Structures and relationships of most major groups. Field trip. Prerequisite: either ESS 100 or ESS 452.

ESS 454 Hydrogeology (4) NSc
Covers the analysis of groundwater flow systems, geologic controls, and hydrologic properties; basics of chemistry and solute transport in groundwater; and the use of numerical models. Considers local examples and groundwater resource management. Prerequisite: either ESS 311 or ESS 314; recommended: either MATH 126, MATH 136, or ESS 310; a background in quantitative analysis using spreadsheets or MATLAB

ESS 455 Stratigraphy (4) NSc
Systematic study of stratified rocks and space-time implications. Principles of stratigraphy, including biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, subsurface analysis. Basin analysis, evolution of sedimentary basins and continental margins. Prerequisite: ESS 213.

ESS 456 Sedimentary Geology and Depositional Environments (4) NSc
Principles of sedimentary geology, including survey of modern processes that produce sedimentary rocks and sequences. Recognition of various depositional environments represented in the geologic record, including terrestrial, marine terrigenous, and carbonate environments. Two field trips required. Prerequisite: ESS 213; recommended: ESS 311 and either ESS 326, ESS 425, ESS 426, or ESS 427

ESS 457 Environmental Geochemistry (4) NSc
Geochemistry of natural waters, emphasizing applications in geology. Topics include groundwater composition, weathering, mineral adsorption, equilibrium computer modeling, clay minerals, organic geochemistry, and groundwater quality. Prerequisite: either ESS 316, CHEM 152, or CHEM 155.

ESS 460 Cosmogenic Nuclides in Geomorphology (3) NSc
Use of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides to date rock surfaces and analyze geomorphic processes. Nuclide production by cosmic radiation above and below ground; tracer methods; exposure dating; coupling of cosmogenic nuclide data to geomorphic models. Open to undergraduate students only. Prerequisite: either ESS 311 or ESS 316.

ESS 461 Geological Time (3) NSc
Principles of radiometric dating. Methods applicable to Earth history from planetary formation to the recent past. Radiocarbon dating; geological dating with long-lived isotopes; uranium series, trapped charge and cosmogenic isotope techniques. Applications in archaeology, climate change, geomorphology, tectonics, and Earth evolution.

ESS 462 Volcanic Processes (4) NSc
Pre-eruption, eruption, and post-eruption processes. Examines triggers of magma ascent, controls on volatile build-up and loss, magma fragmentation, magma-groundwater interaction, eruption column dynamics, gravity-controlled eruptive phenomena, syn- and post-eruption lahars and other re-working of deposits. Prerequisite: either ESS 311, ESS 312, or ESS 316.

ESS 463 Structure and Tectonics (5) NSc
Geometry, kinematics, and tectonic setting of major types of structures, including those in contractional fold-and-thrust belts; extended crust; strike-slip-dominated regimes; and shear zones. Laboratory exercises develop basic tools of structural geology. Prerequisite: ESS 211; ESS 212; and ESS 213.

ESS 467 Seismic Exploration (3) NSc
Introduction to theory and practice of seismic exploration. Application of refraction and reflection techniques to geologic investigations, tectonics and mineral exploration. Practice in the interpretation of subsurface structure. Prerequisite: ESS 311 or ESS 314, or OCEAN 285 and OCEAN 310. Offered: jointly with OCEAN 412; Sp.

ESS 469 Machine Learning in Geosciences (4) RSN
Provides introduction to machine learning in geosciences, basics of computing, and methodologies in applied machine learning. Focuses on canonical and topical data sets in seismology, oceanography, cryosphere, planetary sciences, geology, and geodesy. Topics include unsupervised clustering, logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and deep learning. Prerequisite: either CSE 160, CS163, STAT 220, STAT 221/SOC 221/CS&SS 221, STAT 311, STAT 390, MATH 207, MATH 208, AMATH 301, AMATH 351, or AMATH 352. ; recommended: either knowledge in Matlab or Python, AMATH 301, or 100- or 200-level ESS, ATM S, or OCEAN courses in earth sciences. Offered: A.

ESS 475 Current Research in Climate Science Seminar (3, max. 6)
Weekly lectures focusing on a particular aspect of climate from invited speakers, complemented by class discussion, readings, and final paper. Promotes interdisciplinary understanding of climate concepts. Prerequisite: either ESS 201, ATM S 211, or ATM S 321. Offered: jointly with ATM S 475/OCEAN 475; A.

ESS 480 Advanced Methods in Isotope Geochemistry (3, max. 18) NSc
Studies new developments in isotope geochemistry. Topics vary by quarter and may include clumped isotopes, triple-oxygen isotopes, rate isotopes, mass-independent fractionation, and their incorporation into Earth system models. Introduces theory, measurement, and applications to processes in Earth, ocean, atmospheric, planetary, and climate science. Prerequisite: either ESS 316, ESS 424, ESS 457, or ESS 459.

ESS 482 Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory (4) NSc
Laboratory techniques and experiments relevant to analyses of natural waters. Topics include alkalinity measurements, iron analyses, colorimetric analyses, heavy metal adsorption and geochemical modeling. Prerequisite: ESS 316 or ESS 457.

ESS 488 Space Law and Policy (5) SSc
Law and policy foundations of outer space activities. Essential origins, sources, and role of space law, as well as key institutions, forums, and forces shaping the contemporary governance of space activities. Provides a thorough grounding in U.N. treaties, principles, resolutions, regulations, and private international and national space laws and policies. Offered: jointly with A A 490/JSIS B 444.

ESS 489 Honors Seminar (3)
Covers current scientific topics in earth and space sciences; philosophy and methodology of science strategies for developing research projects; scientific education and career planning. May require colloquium or local conference attendance. Offered: A.

ESS 490 Special Topics (1-10, max. 20) NSc

ESS 491 US Geology Seminar and Field Trip (1)
Supervised preparation for geological field study and domestic fieldwork. Work may include independent research projects focused on the field study region and experiential learning in outdoor environments. Recommended: introductory geology course. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: W.

ESS 492 Education in the Earth Sciences (2-3, max. 12) NSc
Seminar in earth science education and laboratory teaching practicum. Teaching experience gained through assisting earth science instructors in college or K-12 classrooms, laboratories. and field settings. Earth science pedagogical logistics, teaching methods, laboratory classroom, and field teaching methods are covered in seminar sessions. Prerequisite: either ESS 101, ESS 210, ESS 211, ESS 212, or ESS 213. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: AWSpS.

ESS 498 Independent Study (1-5, max. 15)
Independent coursework in selected Earth & Space Sciences topics supervised by a faculty member in an area of shared scholarship. Designed for advanced students seeking additional education in a specific subject. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

ESS 499 Undergraduate Research (*, max. 15)

ESS 501 Geochemical Systems (3)
Geochemical systems through time, from solar system origin to present. Explores fundamental geochemical concepts using current research issues and discussion. Concepts include radiogenic and stable isotope systematic, thermodynamics, high and low temperature chemistry of rocks and water, geochemical cycles through Earth's history. Prerequisite: graduate student standing or permission of instructor.

ESS 502 The Solid Earth (3)
Concepts of internal earth processes: Earth as heat engine and chemical processor, style of mantle convection, origin and evolution of the Earth's magnetic field, Cascadia subduction and hazards. Introduces seismology, fluid dynamics, heat flow, gravity, and geomagnetism. Focuses on the analysis, critique, and communication of ideas from scientific literature.

ESS 503 Introduction to Solar Terrestrial Physics (3)
Introduces several areas of space physics, the physical principles that apply therein, and the methods by which significant observations are made. Covers electromagnetic and plasma processes from the center of the sun to the surface of the Earth. Prerequisite: PHYS 123.

ESS 504 The Earth Surface (3)
Investigates the coupled tectonic and geomorphic processes that shape the surface of the Earth, creates the surface environment that sustains humanity and other life systems, and produces natural hazards. Introduces modern tolls, techniques, and theories applicable to analysis of this coupled dynamic system.

ESS 505 The Cryosphere (4)
Covers snow deposition and metamorphism, avalanches, heat and mass balance at snow and ice surfaces, glacier flow, ice sheets, sea ice, permafrost, methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, and Ice Age theories. Prerequisite: PHYS 121. Offered: A.

ESS 507 High-Temperature Geochemistry (3)
Introduces quantitative high-temperature geochemistry. Focuses on understanding the fundamentals of geochemical processes. Examines the application of quantitative geochemical tools to investigate these processes. Processes covered include: accretion and differentiation of the solar system, continental formation and evolution, subduction zone processes, mantle heterogeneity, mass extinctions and Snowball Earth, and atmospheric evolution. Recommended: ESS 212 or ESS 316.

ESS 508 Great Geological Issues (3)
History and development of geological and paleontological theories and controversies; philosophy and methodology that have driven scientific inquiry in the earth sciences. Requires a term paper analyzing primary material. Prerequisite: graduate standing in earth sciences, or in history of science, or permission of instructor.

ESS 509 Applied Geology Investigations (3)
Introduction to problems and techniques of applied geology. Studies the interactions among land use, infrastructure, and the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest. Focus on field techniques, recording and presentation of observations. Includes mid-September and weekend field trips. Prerequisite: graduate standing in ESS; recommended: undergraduate degree in geology or a closely related field, including a geologic field methods course. Offered: A.

ESS 510 Advanced Applied Geology Field Investigations (3)
Application of applied geology core curriculum to field problems. Includes multi-day intensive, field trips in the Pacific Northwest to study the intersection of society and the environment and to gain working knowledge of the geology there. Focus on field techniques, designing an investigation, recording observations, and report writing Prerequisite: ESS 509; three of ESS 420, ESS 454, ESS 526, ESS 527, or ESS 547. ; recommended: undergraduate degree in geology or closely related field; and an undergraduate field course related to geology. Offered: Sp.

ESS 511 Geophysical Continuum Mechanics (5)
Analysis of stress and strain. Measurement and interpretation of strain in geological materials. Elasticity applied to determine stress in the Earth's lithosphere. Creep of solids and flow of geological materials. Includes advanced, research-oriented problems. Prerequisite: either MATH 207 and MATH 208, or equivalent.

ESS 512 Seismology (3)
Examines stress and strain, the wave equation, travel times, amplitude and phase, reflection seismology, surface waves, and source theory, including moment tensors, radiation patterns, far-field wave shapes, source spectra, stress drop, and magnitude. Prerequisite: either ESS 511, or PHYS 123 and either MATH 207 or MATH 208.

ESS 513 Topics in Geodetic Methods and Applications (3, max. 9)
Methods to measure the size, shape, and position of the earth, and constrain the geophysical processes that occur within the earth's lithosphere and subsurface. Introduces various geodetic techniques (such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems, satellite radar, satellite gravity, and altimetry) as well as applications within the disciplines of geoscience, navigation, and hazards monitoring. Topics vary. Recommended: either ESS 502, ESS 504, ESS 505, or ESS 511; PHYS 121 or PHYS 122; and MATH 207 or MATH 208.

ESS 514 Geophysics: Fluids (3)
Geophysical fluid dynamics. Fluids in geophysics with emphasis on the oceans. Development of the equations of motion with examples drawn from oceanography and solid earth geophysics. Includes advanced, research-oriented problems. Prerequisite: either PHYS 322; MATH 207; and MATH 208, or equivalent.

ESS 517 Early Earth Evolution (3)
Geological, biological, and environmental evolution of the Earth over the first 4 billion years of its history, as an analogue for the development of other habitable planets.

ESS 518 Technical Communication in Applied Geosciences (1, max. 3)
Reading, writing, and presentation of technical information in the geosciences. Topics vary by quarter Offered: AWSp.

ESS 519 Scientific Writing and Graphics (2)
Covers principles of scientific writing; methods of ensuring clarity in writing for scientific journals and research proposals; principles of graph construction; and authorship, peer review, and citations. For graduate students in Earth-science related fields. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: jointly with ATM S 519/OCEAN 518.

ESS 520 Application in Geographic Information Systems for the Earth Sciences (4)
Covers applied uses of GIS in the applied earth sciences. Includes hands-on instruction in and discussion of analysis of geologic patterns and phenomena: terrain analysis and interpretation; riverbed modeling; floodplain analysis; rainfall patterns and effects; landslide forecasting; isostatic phenomena; and topics of the students' own interest. Also covers basic instruction in geospatial statistics. Prerequisite: ESS 420 or permission of instructor. Offered: W.

ESS 521 Advanced Geospatial Analysis with Python for the Earth Sciences (4)
Advanced application of geospatial analysis and spatial numerical methods in the earth sciences, particularly using Python scripting. Hands-on, "workshop" approach exploring topics of interest to students: e.g., 3D (sub-) surface analysis; hydrologic routing/modeling; dynamic landscape change; image interpretation; and pattern analysis/geostatistics. Course activities combine instructional lab exercises with independent project research. Prerequisite: ESS 420 (or equivalent) or permission of instructor; recommended: graduate-level background and/or standing in earth and environmental sciences. Offered: Sp.

ESS 522 Geophysical Data Collection and Analysis (3)
Theory and practical application of data collection and analysis applied to geophysical problems. Digital processing of signals; filtering and spectral analysis. Laboratory sessions include problem solving on computer-based processing system.

ESS 523 Geophysical Inverse Theory (5)
Introduction to the mathematical techniques for estimating properties of physical systems, such as the earth or atmosphere, from data that is insufficient for a precise specification of the system. Emphasis is on the concept of the resolving power of data sets. The ideas developed are quite general and have a wide range of applicability in the field of data interpretation. Offered: Sp, even years.

ESS 524 Numerical Heat and Mass Flow Modeling in the Earth Sciences (3)
Numerical solution of steady and transient advective-diffusion equations describing heat and mass transport processes in earth sciences, emphasizing finite-volume methods and their relationship to finite-difference and finite-element methods. Topics include discretization methods; coordinate systems; boundary conditions; accuracy; and stability. Prerequisite: either MATH 207 and MATH 208, equivalent, or permission of instructor. Offered: Sp, even years.

ESS 525 Tectonic Geomorphology (3)
Advanced-level survey of tectonic geomorphology topics, focusing on the interplay between tectonic and surface processes that shape the landscape in regions of active deformation and at time scales ranging from days to millions of years. Offered: Sp.

ESS 526 Fluvial Geomorphology (5)
Hydraulic and morphological characteristics of streams and valley floors. Landscape evolution by stream erosion and deposition. Field exercises and independent project emphasize quantitative analysis of fluvial processes, channel forms, acquisition of various skills, such as mapping, topographic surveying, and report writing.

ESS 527 Hillslope Geomorphology (5)
Theoretical and applied study of hillslope processes including erosion and deposition; mass wasting; and slope forms and evolution.

ESS 528 Interpretation of Sedimentary Structures (2-4, max. 4)
Physical and environmental analysis of sedimentary structures, including biogenic sedimentary structures. Clastic sediments and rocks. Field trips required.

ESS 529 Principles of Fluid Dynamics, Heat, and Mass Transfer in Earth Sciences (3)
Introduction to the quantitative treatment of transport phenomena with applications to mantle and magma convection, volcanic eruptions, landslides, porous flow, and reaction. Emphasis on the governing equations of fluid dynamics including porous and multiple flow, chaotic convection, mixing, heat transfer, rheology, analytical, numerical, and scaling solutions.

ESS 531 Physics of Ice (3)
Structure of the water molecule. Crystallographic structures of ice. Electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of ice. Growth of ice from vapor and liquid phases. Offered: jointly with ATM S 510.

ESS 532 Snow and Ice on the Earth's Surface (3)
Snow and ice climatology. Formation of the ice crystals in clouds. Snow metamorphism. Transfer of radiative, sensible, and latent heat at snow and ice surfaces. Remote sensing of snow and ice. Growth and melt of sea ice. Climatic records from ice. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Offered: jointly with ATM S 511.

ESS 533 Dynamics of Snow and Ice Masses (3)
Rheology of snow and ice. Sliding and processes at glacier beds. Thermal regime and motion of seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets. Avalanches and glacier surges. Deformation and drift of sea ice. Response of natural ice masses to change in climate. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Offered: jointly with ATM S 512.

ESS 535 Ice and Climate (3)
Examines the role of ice and snow in climate. Polar climate dynamics. Polar-global interactions. Modeling snow cover, sea ice, and ice-sheet balance, and flow in the climate system. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Offered: jointly with ATM S 514.

ESS 540 Advanced Igneous Petrology (4)
Crystal-liquid-vapor equilibria in magmatic systems. Physical properties of silicate melts. Geothermometry and geobarometry in igneous rocks. Models of fractionation, assimilation, and magma mixing. Trace elements, radiogenic isotopes, and stable isotopes as tracers in magmatic processes. Nucleation, crystal growth, and diffusion in melts. Prerequisite: ESS 312; ESS 439.

ESS 541 Applied Fluvial Geomorphology (4)
Application of theory in fluvial geomorphology to framing and addressing questions in basic research and problems in applied contexts such as river engineering, land use planning, resource management, and river restoration. Prerequisite: either ESS 426, ESS 526, or permission of instructor.

ESS 546 Continental-Margin Sedimentation (3)
Detailed evaluation of recent studies into processes forming strata on continental margins, including the diverse time scales ranging from sediment transport to sequence stratigraphy. Highlights the linkages with physical oceanographic processes, the fates of geochemical components, and the relationship to biological communities. Offered: jointly with OCEAN 546.

ESS 547 Engineering Geology: Methods and Application (4)
Applies the application of geologic principles to geotechnical and environmental problems; includes investigation and characterization of soil and rock properties. Includes two weekend field trips.

ESS 551 Mineral Physics (3)
Applications of condensed matter physics to various geophysical problems. Topics vary, but usually include the thermal properties of relevant geophysical materials, the equation of state for the Earth's mantle and core, defects in solids and their roles in tectonophysics. Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

ESS 554 Paleoclimate Proxies (3)
Provides a critical evaluation of the most commonly applied paleoclimate proxies from the ocean, land, and ice sheets. Offered: jointly with ATM S 554/OCEAN 554.

ESS 557 Vertebrate Paleontology (5)
Examines the biology of vertebrate animals, emphasizing their diversity, adaptations, and evolutionary history. Introduces aspects of behavior, physiology, morphology, and ecology that emerge from the comparative study of vertebrates. Laboratory includes local field trips and introduction to regional vertebrate fauna. Offered: jointly with BIOL 557.

ESS 558 Introduction to Graduate Research in Paleobiology (1)
Introduction to paleobiology techniques and resources. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: jointly with BIOL 555; A.

ESS 559 Climate Modeling (3)
Principles of Earth system modeling. Emphasis on atmosphere, ocean sea ice, and land-surface components. Climate forcing. Appropriate use of models. Topics of current interest including carbon cycle, atmosphere chemistry, and biogeochemistry. Prerequisite: either ATM S 587/OCEAN 587/ESS 587, ATM S 504 or ATM S 505. Offered: jointly with ATM S 559/OCEAN 558.

ESS 560 Cosmogenic Nuclides in Geomorphology (3)
Use of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides to date rock surfaces and analyze geomorphic processes. Nuclide production by cosmic radiation above and below ground; tracer methods; exposure dating; coupling of cosmogenic nuclide data to geomorphic models. Prerequisite: either AMATH 301, AMATH 351, or permission of instructor.

ESS 562 Observational Seismology (1, max. 18)
Quarterly research themes introduce students to a variety of digital and analog seismograms and techniques for their interpretation. Students present results of short investigations in an informal seminar setting. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 563 Theoretical Seismology I (3)
Advanced theoretical seismology. Attenuation and physical dispersion. Waves in anisotropic media. Moment-tensor source representation. Lamb's problem. Waves in stratified media: propagator methods, asymptotic ray theory, WKBJ seismograms. Inverse methods and analysis of seismological data. Prerequisite: either ESS 412, ESS 512, or permission of instructor.

ESS 564 Theoretical Seismology II (3)
Advanced theoretical seismology. Attenuation and physical dispersion. Waves in anisotropic media. Moment-tensor source representation. Lamb's problem. Waves in stratified media: propagator methods, asymptotic ray theory, WKBJ seismograms. Inverse methods and analysis of seismological data. Prerequisite: ESS 563.

ESS 567 Environmental Geochemistry (4) NSc
Geochemistry of natural waters, emphasizing applications in geology. Topics include groundwater composition, weathering, mineral adsorption, equilibrium computer modeling, clay minerals, organic geochemistry, and groundwater quality. Offered: W.

ESS 568 Oceanic Lithosphere (3)
Basic principles of elasticity, fluid flow, and heat transport with specific applications to the formation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Includes deformation of the earth, flow in porous media, heat transport, and marine seismological and potential field techniques. Prerequisite: OCEAN 540. Offered: jointly with OCEAN 545.

ESS 569 Machine Learning in Geosciences (4)
Provides introduction to machine learning in geosciences, basics of computing, and methodologies in applied machine learning. Focuses on canonical and topical data sets in seismology, oceanography, cryosphere, planetary sciences, geology, and geodesy. Topics include unsupervised clustering, logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and deep learning. Recommended: either knowledge in Matlab or Python, AMATH 301, or 100- or 200-level ESS, ATM S, or OCEAN courses in earth sciences. Offered: A.

ESS 573 Cloud Microphysics and Dynamics (3)
Basic concepts of cloud microphysics, water continuity in clouds, cloud dynamics, and cloud models. Prerequisite: ATM S 501 or permission of instructor. Offered: jointly with ATM S 535; Sp.

ESS 576 Space and Laboratory Plasma Physics (3)
Discussion of waves, equilibrium and stability, diffusion and resistivity, basic plasma kinetic theory, and wave-particle interactions. Prerequisite: ESS 415, or equivalent, or permission of instructor. Offered: jointly with A A 556; Sp, odd years.

ESS 580 Advanced Methods in Isotope Geochemistry (3, max. 18)
Studies new developments in isotope geochemistry. Topics vary by quarter and may include clumped isotopes, triple-oxygen isotopes, rate isotopes, mass-independent fractionation, and their incorporation into Earth system models. Introduces theory, measurement, and applications to processes in Earth, ocean, atmospheric, planetary, and climate science. Prerequisite: one of ESS 316, ESS 424, ESS 457, ESS 459, ESS 501, ESS 554, OCEAN 583, or permission of instructor.

ESS 581 Planetary Atmospheres (3)
Problems of origin, evolution, and structure of planetary atmospheres, emphasizing elements common to all; roles of radiation, chemistry, and dynamical processes; new results on the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and other solar system objects in the context of comparative planetology. Offered: jointly with ASTR 555/ATM S 555.

ESS 582 Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory (4) NSc
Laboratory techniques and experiments relevant to analyses of natural waters. Topics include alkalinity measurements, iron analyses, colorimetric analyses, heavy metal adsorption and geochemical modeling. Offered: Sp.

ESS 583 Origin of the Solar System (3)
Nebular and nonnebular theories of the solar system origin; collapse from the interstellar medium, grain growth in the solar nebula, formation of planetesimals and planets, early evolution of the planets and other possible planetary systems; physical and chemical evidence upon which the ideas concerning the origin of the solar system are based. Offered: jointly with ASTR 557.

ESS 584 Space Law and Policy (5)
Law and policy foundations of outer space activities. Essential origins, sources, and role of space law, as well as key institutions, forums, and forces shaping the contemporary governance of space activities. Provides a thorough grounding in U.N. treaties, principles, resolutions, regulations, and private international and national space laws and policies. Offered: jointly with A A 590/JSIS B 544; Sp.

ESS 585 Climate Impacts on the Pacific Northwest (4)
Knowledge of past/future patterns of climate to improve Pacific Northwest resource management. Topics include the predictability of natural/human-caused climate changes; past societal reactions to climate impacts on water, fish, forest, and coastal resources; how climate and public policies interact to affect ecosystems and society. Offered: jointly with ATM S 585/ENVIR 585/SMEA 585; Sp.

ESS 586 Current Research in Climate Change (2, max. 20)
Weekly lectures focusing on a particular aspect of climate (topic to change each year) from invited speakers (both 91爆料 and outside), plus one or two keynote speakers, followed by class discussion. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: jointly with ATM S 586/OCEAN 586.

ESS 587 Fundamentals of Climate Change (3)
Examines Earth's climate system; distribution of temperature, precipitation, wind ice, salinity, and ocean currents; fundamental processes determining Earth's climate; energy and constituent transport mechanisms; climate sensitivity; natural climate variability on interannual to decadal time scales; global climate models; predicting future climate. Offered: jointly with ATM S 587/OCEAN 587.

ESS 588 The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate (3)
Oceanic and terrestrial biogeochemical processes controlling atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Records of past changes in the earth's carbon cycle from geological, oceanographic, and terrestrial archives. Anthropogenic perturbations to cycles. Develop simple box models, discuss results of complex models. Offered: jointly with ATM S 588/OCEAN 588; W.

ESS 589 Paleoclimatology: Data, Modeling, and Theory (3)
Evidence for past changes in land and sea surface temperature, in precipitation and atmospheric dynamics, and in ocean circulation: both long and interannual timescales. Paleoclimate modeling and theory. Time series analysis and climate noise. Rapid climate change. Statistical reconstruction of interannual variability. Offered: jointly with ATM S 589/OCEAN 589.

ESS 590 Special Topics (2-10, max. 20)

ESS 592 Professional Practice in Applied Geosciences (1, max. 3)
Covers major issues and current topics in the practice of Geosciences: professional licensing, ethics, business trends, environmental regulation, emerging technologies. Includes internships and career guidance, as well as weekly guest speakers. Offered: AWSp.

ESS 593 Climate Science Seminar (1)
Focuses on how to communicate climate science to many different audiences through careful construction of figures and through written and oral communication. Credit/no-credit only. Offered: jointly with ATM S 593/OCEAN 593; W.

ESS 594 Introduction to Earth and Space Sciences Research (1-2, max. 4)
Introduces research of faculty and advanced graduate students to first-year graduate students and provides experience for the formulation, oral presentation, and defense of research proposals and results.

ESS 595 Earth and Space Sciences Research Methods (2, max. 30)
Current research methodology and results based on recent literature and on faculty and student research. Designed to develop student perspective on observational and theoretical methods and on relation of specific research to broader developments in geophysics and interdisciplinary aspects of geophysics through faculty-guided presentations and discussion by students. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 596 Climate Science Capstone Project ([1-5]-, max. 5)
Climate capstone directed by a mentor, may be a group effort, and may encompass curriculum development, internships, workshop organization, etc., capturing interdisciplinary aspects of climate science and effective communication of climate science. Offered: jointly with ATM S 596/OCEAN 596; AWSpS.

ESS 597 Applied Geoscience Investigation (1-5, max. 10)
Independent investigation in applied geosciences guided by a faculty member and commonly in association with an off-campus mentor or stakeholder organization. Must complete project agreement in advance of registration. Prerequisite: ESS 592 and permission of instructor Credit/no-credit only. Offered: AWSpS.

ESS 599 Seminar (1, max. 24)
Review of current literature in geophysics and graduate student research with faculty participation. Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 600 Independent Study or Research (*-)
Credit/no-credit only.

ESS 601 Internship (*)
Graduate internship and final exam. Prerequisite: permission of instructor.

ESS 700 Master's Thesis (*-)

ESS 800 Doctoral Dissertation (*-)